Targeted GC-MS analysis of firefighters’ exhaled breath: Exploring biomarker response at the individual level

Biomarker measurements can provide unambiguous evidence of environmental exposures as well as the resultant biological responses. Firefighters have a high rate of occupational cancer incidence, which has been proposed to be linked in part to their increased environmental exposure to byproducts of combustion and contaminants produced during fire responses. In this article, the uptake and elimination of targeted volatile organic compounds were investigated by collecting the exhaled breath of firefighters on sorbent tubes before and after controlled structure burns and analyzing samples using automated thermal desorption-gas chromatography (ATD-GC/MS). Volatile organic compounds exposure was assessed by grouping the data according to firefighting job positions as well as visualizing the data at the level of the individual firefighter to determine which individuals had expected exposure responses. When data were assessed at the group level, benzene concentrations were found to be elevated post-exposure in both fire attack, victim search, and outside ventilation firefighting positions. However, the results of the data analysis at the individual level indicate that certain firefighters may be more susceptible to post-exposure volatile organic compounds increases than others, and this should be considered when assessing the effectiveness of firefighting protective gear. Although this work focuses on firefighting activity, the results can be translated to potential human health and ecological effects from building and forest fires.     

静脉药物加药口消毒及使用医用输液瓶口贴的必要性研究

目的 研究静脉药物加药口消毒和使用医用输液瓶口贴的必要性。方法 在静脉药物配置中心的洁净操作环境下,向60个批次的静脉输液中加入10ml灭菌注射用水模拟配置加药过程,参照《中国药典》2010版二部附录Ⅺ J中细菌计数方法,对消毒组和未消毒组、使用密封消毒袋后医用输液瓶口贴组和未使用组的微生物污染情况进行统计分析。结果 消毒组和未消毒组在统计学意义上有显著差异（P>0.05）,在使用密封消毒袋后,贴医用输液瓶口贴组和未贴组在统计学意义上没有显著差异。结论 配制静脉药物时,加药口需要进行消毒以减少加药时微生物污染的风险,使用密封消毒袋后,30 min内静脉输液在病区使用不需要贴医用输液瓶口贴。     

静脉药物集中调配模式的应用及体会

目的：总结静脉输液制剂集中调配模式的运行工作,进一步提高我院药学服务质量。方法：采用“统排统配法”集中调配全院静脉用药,临床药师以静脉输液加药调配中心（PIVAS）为平台,制定个体化输液计划,实施条形码扫描“后计费”模式收取药费和配置费。结果与结论：全院不合理用药现象明显改善,药品调剂和配置效率大大提高,一次性耗材消耗量明显减少;药品“后计费”模式大大减少了病区静脉药物的退药现象。PIVAS的应用,获得了巨大的社会效益和经济效益,使我院药学服务步入一个新的台阶。     

Antiinflammatory Activity of Hot Water Infusion of Nyctanthes arbo-tristis Flowers

In Sri Lankan ethnomedicate it is claimed the flowers of Nyctanthes arbo-tristis is effective in the treatment of inflammatory conditions but this has not been scientifically validated. This experiment was carried to investigate the antinflammatory potential of hot water infusion of Nyctanthes arbo-tristis flowers. Oral antiinflammatory activity of hot water infusion of Nyctanthes arbo-tristis flowers (concentrations: 3.75, 7.5, 12.5 and 18.75 mg/kg) was assessed in rats using both acute (carrageenan-induced paw oedema assay) and chronic (formaldehyde induced-paw oedema and cotton pellet-granuloma tests) inflammatory models. In an attempt to investigate its mode of action, antihistamine activity (by wheal test), inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis (by enteropooling test), inhibition of Tumor necrosis factor_α secretion (using human mononuclear cells), and suppression of vascular permeability (acetic acid-induced vascular permeability test) and cytotoxicity (Evans blue test) were assessed. In the carrageenan-induced paw oedema test, hot water infusion simultaneously suppressed both initial and late stages of inflammation in an inversely dose related manner. Hot water infusion also inhibited paw oedema in formalin and cotton pellet granuloma tests. In addition, this infusion exhibited marked anti histamine activity, prostaglandin synthesis inhibition and suppression of vascular permeability. These findings scientifically support the traditional use of Nyctanthes arbo-tristis flowers in treatment of inflammatory conditions.     

胃肠外科老人术后早期空肠输注肠内营养护理

目的: 对应用综合护理干预模式对接受胃肠外科手术治疗的老年患者在术后早期空肠输注肠内营养支持过程中实施护理的临床效果进行研究.方法:选择接受胃肠外科手术治疗的老年患者86例,随机分为对照组和观察组,每组43例,在术后均实施早期空肠输注肠内营养支持.采用综合护理干预模式对观察组患者在营养支持期间实施护理;采用常规护理模式对对照组患者在营养支持期间实施护理.结果:观察组患者对术后营养支持期间的护理服务满意度明显高于对照组;术后营养支持计划实施时间和住院时间明显短于对照组.结论:应用综合护理干预模式对接受胃肠外科手术治疗的老年患者在术后早期空肠输注肠内营养支持过程中实施护理的临床效果非常明显.     

神经外科术后患者静脉输注替考拉宁脑脊液药物浓度研究

目的了解神经外科术后患者静脉输注替考拉宁时脑脊液药物浓度,探讨神经外科手术破坏血脑屏障后是否可增加脑脊液药物浓度,以及药物持续泵入对脑脊液药物浓度的影响。方法选择神经外科术后留置术区/脑室引流管的患者,分为常规给药组(替考拉宁400 mg,30 min泵入,1次/12 h重复给药)和持续给药组(替考拉宁400 mg,30 min泵入,再以200 mg,1次/6 h持续泵入),于给药后相应时间点采集脑脊液标本检测替考拉宁浓度。结果常规给药组脑脊液替考拉宁浓度泵入后即刻浓度为(0.004±0.0123)mg/L,泵入后1 h达峰值(0.712±1.028)mg/L,后逐渐下降,泵入后12、18、24 h分别为(0.254±0.222)、(0.173±0.152)、(0.355±0.207)mg/L。持续给药组脑脊液替考拉宁泵入后即刻浓度为(0.017±0.020)mg/L,4 h后达峰值(0.587±0.255)mg/L,泵入后6、12、18、24 h分别为(0.429±0.416)、(0.325±0.254)、(0.476±0.686)、(0.318±0.464)mg/L,6 h后药物浓度相对稳定,介于(0.318±0.464)~(0.476±0.686)mg/L。常规给药组、持续给药组的AUC0—24 h分别为5.590 mg/L·h、9.082 mg/L·h。两组患者仅峰值附近区域替考拉宁浓度达到凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(CNS)MIC50,但其浓度高于CNS MIC50的时间占整个给药时间的比例远小于50%;两组患者脑脊液替考拉宁浓度均未能达到金黄色葡萄球菌MIC50。结论持续输注替考拉宁后,患者脑脊液药物浓度较常规给药组有所增加,但仍未能达所要求的MIC;结合血药浓度的实验,血液浓度增高有利于脑脊液药物浓度增加,可考虑适当增加剂量以达到临床治疗目的。     

瓣下结构对St.Jude机械瓣下游血流动力学影响的临床研究

目的 明确瓣下结构不同保留方式对St.Jude二尖瓣机械瓣下游血流动力学的影响.方法 将入选的39名患者依据瓣下结构保留方式分为未保留瓣下结构组、保留后瓣组和保留全瓣组.多普勒超声心动图仪检测常规多普勒指标(平均跨瓣压差PGmean,跨瓣流量Qmv),心功能指标(左室射血分数LVEF),流场均匀性指标(二尖瓣峰值流速Vmax,峰值流速最大差值△Vmax),然后应用计算机图像分析技术计算湍流剪应力(TSS)和相对扰动强度(Irel).结果 保留瓣下结构可在一定程度上增加跨瓣血流的扰动性,使St Jude机械瓣下游流场均匀性变差,TSS和Irel增大(P＜0.05).结论 保留后瓣瓣下结构可改善术后心功能,对跨瓣血流影响较保留全瓣轻,适合大多数二尖瓣置换术患者.     

105例弦脉的“计算机脉象仪”脉图参数分析

目的观察弦脉脉图参数的特异性变化,为"计算机脉象仪"提供数据支持。方法运用"计算机脉象仪"对105例弦脉进行脉图采集及参数分析,并与175例平脉作为对照组比较。结果弦脉组年龄与脉图参数U2呈负相关,收缩压与脉图参数U3、D3呈正相关,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);体质量指数与各参数无相关性,脉图参数对性别无特异性。弦脉组与平脉组相比,年龄明显偏大,血压和体质量指数明显偏高,差异均有显著统计学意义(P<0.01);弦脉脉图参数较平脉组U2、D2明显偏低,U3、D3明显偏高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而D1、T1、T2无显著改变(P>0.05)。结论弦脉的脉集特点能通过"计算机脉象仪"的脉图参数得到客观化地体现。     

骨折治疗仪结合外固定支架治疗开放性骨折临床分析

目的:分析探讨骨折治疗仪结合外固定支架治疗开放性骨折的临床疗效,为治疗方法的合理选择提供科学依据。方法:将我院2010年2月至2014年6月间收治的骨折患者89例随机分为两组,实验组和对照组。其中对照组45例予以清创、复位、固定以及康复锻炼等骨折常规治疗,实验组44例在常规治疗的基础上加用骨折治疗仪结合外固定支架治疗,比较两组患者间总优良率、住院时间、外固定拆除时间、功能康复时间的差异。结果:实验组总优良率为95.45%,高于对照组82.22%,两组间差异显著,具有统计学意义(P<0.01);同时实验组患者住院时间、外固定拆除时间、功能康复时间较对照组均明显降低,两组间差异同样具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:骨折治疗仪结合外固定支架治疗开放性骨折疗效显著,能显著节约治疗时间,帮助患者及早康复,值得临床推广。     

光子治疗仪在乳腺癌改良根治术后并发皮下积液患者中的临床应用

目的 探讨光子治疗仪对乳腺癌改良根治术后并发皮下积液患者的临床疗效.方法 将68例乳腺癌改良根治术后并发皮下积液需重置引流管的患者随机分为实验组和对照组,每组34例.两组患者均采用留置橡胶引流管并接一次性引流袋引流,同时胸壁用弹力绷带加压包扎,实验组在该基础上配合光子治疗仪照射治疗.比较两组患者置管引流后连续7d的引流量及留管时间.结果 两组总引流量比较差异有统计学意义(F=12.725,P =0.001);两组各时间的引流量比较差异有统计学意义(F=426.907,P=0.000);两组组内不同时间的引流量比较差异有统计学意义(F =6.447,P=0.000);两组患者的留管时间比较差异有统计学意义(t=7.021,P=0.000).结论 光子治疗仪作用于乳腺癌改良根治术后并发皮下积液的患者,能够有效地减少日平均引流量,缩短引流管的留管时间.